by
Dr. Sean Stein Smith
| Aug 19, 2021
The blockchain and cryptoasset landscape continues to
accelerate and evolve in ways that just a short time ago would
have seemed radical or outlandish. Below are some recent
developments and what they might mean for practitioners
moving forward.
Crypto Payments are Here
Following the clarifications by the Office of the Comptroller
of the Currency (OCC) allowing federally chartered banking
institutions to buy, sell and approve certain crypto transactions,
the trend is clear. In addition to these announcements, multiple
banking charters have been granted to digital asset institutions.
The takeaway is that clients will be dealing with crypto payment
issues, and CPAs need to know what to ask, how to ask and
how to interpret the answers received. Other issues include
the following:
- Specific industries, such as the still-nascent cannabis
industry, can benefit dramatically from the integration and
implementation of blockchain and crypto asset solutions.
- Cost savings and other operational opportunities regarding
near-real-time reporting and reducing the need for manual
confirmations are going to increasingly move from concept
to reality; are practitioners prepared for these adjustments?
New Iterations of Crypto Are Here
Stablecoins, digital twins connected to blockchain and the
potential rise of the non-fungible token (NFT) sector all represent
new iterations of blockchain that need to be understood,
assessed and integrated into business operations. Depending
on the client, an increasing percentage of assets, revenues
and operations might be taking place in a purely digital or even
crypto environment.
Specific questions to ask include the following:
- What crypto wallet (storage) applications are being
considered and potentially implemented by the organization?
- Has the insurance for the organization been updated or
modified to account for the potential risk of hacks or other
cybersecurity issues linked to blockchain
and cryptoassets?
Stablecoins
Can the profession successfully navigate the potential
complications that can, and do, arise from cryptoasset accounting
for instruments such a stablecoins? Some additional issues that
stablecoins create include the following:
- From a practitioner perspective, what are the broader
implications of clients, both now and in the future, beginning
to accept crypto payments as an integrated part of business
operations?
- From a cybersecurity standpoint, are clients and practitioners
going to be up to speed with regard to dealing with an
increasing amount of digital payments?
Accounting Open Items
There are still a significant number of accounting-related open
items that need to be addressed in order to generate wider
adoption and utilization, including the following:
- Are clients aware of tax obligations related to crypto?
- Do clients properly disclose crypto-related information to
regulators, most notably the IRS, in the correct manner?
- Is there a process in place at the organization to correctly
value and report updated values of crypto holdings as
they change?
Cyber Risk
Cybersecurity and other technology controls and considerations
also need to be brought to the front burner. Practitioners need
to pay special attention to the following issues:
- If crypto payments are accepted, what controls exist over the
interoperability between new crypto-specific applications
and legacy systems?
- Are the cybersecurity policies inside the organization (e.g.,
internal controls) updated and inclusive of blockchain and
crypto-specific issues?
Decentralization of Finance (DEFI)
In the last year or so, the concepts of decentralized finance and
decentralized exchanges have raced ahead. Doing a deep dive
on these concepts is beyond the scope of any single piece,
but the tax and accounting implications of concepts like block
rewards, liquidity mining, yield arming and other DeFi-native
applications are going to continue to raise complicated questions
for the foreseeable future.
Non-Fungible Tokens
The race toward new cryptoasset applications and developments continues
unabated, with the recent rise of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) representing just
the most recent iteration. Highlighted by digital collectibles and potential video
game monetization opportunities, NFTs have tremendous potential. A working
definition of this new cryptoasset can be put together as follows: NFTs are a unique
and indivisible digital asset that 1) are connected to an underlying
blockchain,
2) are unique and cannot be exchanged for one another as equivalents (versus
dollars or bitcoin) and 3) are linked to a specific asset.
Clearly, the blockchain and cryptoasset sectors continue to develop and evolve
at a rapid rate, and alongside this rapid development and expansion are going
to be accounting and reporting issues that need to be addressed. These might
seem like significant challenges, but they also create quite a few opportunities
for motivated and proactive practitioners.
Dr. Sean Stein Smith, CPA, DBA, CMA, CGMA, CFE, is a professor at the
City University of New York — Lehman College. He can be reached at
drseansteinsmith@gmail.com.
Reprinted with permission of the New Jersey Society of CPAs, njcpa.org, from
the Summer 2021 issue of New Jersey CPA magazine (njcpa.org/newjerseycpa).
This article appears in the summer 2021 issue of the Washington CPA magazine. Read more here.
Learn more about blockchain and crypto here.